Photosynthesis in most plants and crops is often rate-limited by the slow carbon fixation capacity of Rubisco which also binds promiscuously with O2, leading to energy and fixed CO2 loss in photorespiration[1]. The adaptation of CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) allows many photosynthetic organisms to avoid the oxygenation reaction, a property which provides the opportunity to improved C3 crops yield by up to 60% by incorporating a CCM[2]. Integrating a CCM into a C3-plant has nevertheless faced substantial hurdles in the structural and genetic complexity of CCMs. Through a Synbio approach we are repurposing single gene bacterial protein nano-compartments[3] to encapsulate plant, bacterial, and algal Rubiscos along with supporting enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase and Rubisco activase[4]. This presentation will give an update on the current advances made on (1) engineering these CO2-fixing nanocages in Escherichia coli, (2) enhancing their carboxylation capacity, and (3) incorporating the system into plant chloroplasts.