Sorghum provides not only food for humans and animals but also feedstock for biofuel production. Despite its resilience in marginal lands with nutrient-poor conditions, such as corn and wheat, low soil nitrogen supply is still one of the significant factors that limit sorghum growth performance and productivity. Thus, improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sorghum is one of the goals of modern breeding and trait engineering. However, our understanding of sorghum's response to nitrogen limitation remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to isolate ribosome-associated mRNAs, followed by RNA sequencing, to explore actively translating mRNAs. Our comprehensive transcriptome and translatome analyses unveiled previously unreported genes that undergo regulation solely at the translational level, with no corresponding changes at the transcriptional level. Our ongoing efforts in evaluating the functionality of candidate genes contribute significantly to elucidating their roles in optimizing sorghum's response to nitrogen limitations, thereby advancing the goals of trait engineering in agriculture.