Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (SNF) in legumes contributes about 50 million tonnes of N, worth about $50 billion, to protein production and agricultural soils each year. Over the past 50 years, this natural process has been overshadowed by industrial production and use of N-fertilizers, now well over 120 million tonnes per year, which have become essential for food security but undermine environmental and human health. Legumes offer a sustainable solution to food security without environmental harm, if only they were used more intensively in agricultural systems. To make them more attractive to producers, plant breeders are working to increase legume resistance to plant diseases, resilience to the physical environment, and yield and quality of the products they make. There are also opportunities to increase the fraction of nitrogen that legumes obtain from the atmosphere versus the soil, via improvements in SNF. Over the past 20 years, genetic and genomic research has uncovered over 200 plant genes that are required for SNF. At the same time, it has become clear that there is substantial natural variation in SNF effectiveness within plant species that could be harnessed via genome-enabled plant breeding to enhance this important process, as I will explain. In a world full of wicked, hard-to-solve problems, there is hope that we can solve the current nitrogen problem confronting humanity and our planet.