Poster Presentation International Plant Molecular Biology Conference 2024

In-planta Transient Transformation of Hemp (Cannabis sativa) using the RUBY reporter (#187)

Saber Sohrabi 1 , Sara Jalali 1 , Philip Brewer 2 , Rachel Burton 1
  1. Agriculture food and wine, The university of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  2. Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is recognized as a recalcitrant plant species, presenting a significant challenge for genetic transformation and gene editing studies due to the absence of a reliable regeneration protocol. Despite numerous studies aimed at developing regeneration and transformation methods, published protocols often exhibit low efficiency and reproducibility[1]. Here, we present a rapid and highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation method that circumvents the need for a regeneration phase. For this, we used excised apical meristems from 10-day-old germinated hemp seeds as explants and cultured them on MS media. After one week of culture, the apical meristems were inoculated with Agrobacterium carrying the RUBY construct, which comprises three genes under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter enabling the conversion of tyrosine to the red betalain pigment [2]. Our results demonstrate a transient expression of RUBY, evident through the distinct red coloration of explant leaves and meristems after two weeks. However, observations four weeks post-inoculation revealed a reversion to the typical green coloration of leaves. This reversion could be due to insufficient tyrosine presence as a precursor, partial or non-insertion of the genes involved in the betalain synthesis pathway, or gene silencing post-insertion into the hemp chromosome. Nevertheless, this approach shows promise not only for hemp transformation but also for other recalcitrant plant species where regeneration poses a challenge in transformation studies.

  1. 1. Monthony, A.S., et al., Recalcitrance of Cannabis sativa to de novo regeneration; a multi-genotype replication study. PLoS One, 2021. 16(8): p. e0235525.
  2. 2. He, Y., et al., A reporter for noninvasively monitoring gene expression and plant transformation. Horticulture research, 2020. 7.