The genetic basis of phenotypic traits and underlying molecular networks that contribute to efficient nutrient use for sustainable crop production have been explored in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, as well as crops including tomato, potato, and most cereals. To date, no such studies have been published in Cannabis sativa L., be it for medicinal cannabis or hemp. In this study, the effect of phosphate supply (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on a dual-purpose hemp cultivar grown for fibre, including seed and oil production was investigated in a controlled environment, using perlite as substrate to eliminate sorption of nutrients to the soil particles. Nutrient source / sink interactions were quantified and revealed a lack of downregulation in phosphate acquisition by roots, despite overflowing reserves in other sink organs. This contrasts with suppression of high-affinity phosphate uptake as a primary response to high phosphorus status in model plants. With increasing phosphate supply, a concomitant decrease in nitrate and sulfate levels was observed across most hemp organs indicating co-limitation by N and S at the highest phosphate supply. To resolve the molecular basis of this unusual response in Cannabis, whole transcriptome data of select plant organs and treatment groups were benchmarked against known regulators and target genes that constitute the phosphate starvation response in model plants. Findings will link plant nutrient status with molecular mechanisms that regulate phosphate assimilation in Cannabis and help identify molecular markers for efficient nutrient use in both drug- and hemp-type Cannabis cultivars.