Poster Presentation International Plant Molecular Biology Conference 2024

Deploying two Bt genes as a long-term solution against the cowpea pod borer in West Africa (#69)

Thomas J Higgins 1 , Mohammad F Ishiyaku 2 , Muhammad L Umar 2 , Iliyasu M Utono 2 , Benoit J Batieno 3 , Jerry A Nboy 4 , Gloria A Adazebra 4 , Francis O Nwankwo 5 , Donald J MacKenzie 6 , Jean B Tignegre 5 , Jose Barrero 1
  1. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Clunies Ross St, AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, Australia
  2. Plant Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
  3. PLANT GENETICS AND BIOTECH LAB, INERA CREAF, KAMBOINSE, Kadiogo, Burkina Faso
  4. Entomology, Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Nyankpala, Northern Region, Ghana
  5. Product Stewardship, African Agricultural Technology Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
  6. Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a vital staple crop in West Africa where it represents an important source of protein. Nigeria, the largest producer, still needs to import around 500,000 tonnes per year to meet domestic demand, and this is because insects can reduce yields by up to 90%. A genetically engineered pod borer resistant (PBR) cowpea carrying the cry1Ab gene was developed against this major pre-harvest pest, the lepidopteran Maruca vitrata. This Bt cowpea variety provides full protection against the pod borer and has been successfully deployed to farmers for the last three seasons in Nigeria, and soon in Ghana, where it was approved in 2022. Our team is now working on the development of a second generation of PBR cowpea carrying the cry1Ab and the cry2Ab genes. This new variety will help guarantee long-lasting protection against the pod borer. An elite cry2Ab transgenic line has been already selected and successfully tested in Nigeria, Ghana, and Burkina Faso, proving that the gene confers total resistance against the pest. Currently, we are focused on combining both cry genes in a molecular stack to facilitate breeding operations. This biotech solution against one of the major cowpea pests will guarantee the large economic and health benefits to farmers and consumers already seen with the deployment of the original PBR cowpea.