Dragon trees, genus Dracaena, are iconic, keystone, flagship and umbrella species. These emblematic species are threatened by overgrazing, overexploitation, drought or aridification, climate changes and extraction of recruitments from the wild, resulting in the fragmentation and isolation of their populations. Isolated populations may suffer from the effects of population bottlenecks: increased random genetic drift, inbreeding and reduced inter-population gene flow. This may result in genetic depletion within populations, population differentiation and increased probability of extirpation. Furthermore, the genera Dracaena have had various taxonomic and evolutionary unsolved problems; shifting from one family to another (Agavaceae, Liliaceae, Dracaenaceae, Ruscaceae and lately in Asparagaceae). In this respect, genomics is needed to inform a range of biodiversity conservation actions, including determining species taxonomy, assessing species at risk, identifying biodiversity hotspots, informing management strategies for both in-situ populations and ex-situ populations and monitoring changes and/or benefits in systems as conservation interventions occur. However, genetics and evolutionary biology are not well-integrated into conservation planning – a lost opportunity for effective management interventions. In this review, I synthesize information on empirical examples of the application of genomics to endangered dragon trees and provide suggestions as to how modern genomics approaches could address some of the most urgent challenges in the management and conservation of these species. I discuss the application of genomics to Dragon trees management and conservation from four key angles: taxonomy, population structure and translocations, climate change and evolution. Lastly, final section how genomics can be used to test the theory bottleneck effect.